Qing emperor's view of China (2)

 Fourth, ; ruled China for a prelude to the legality of confrontation of ideas. Till the dawn of the Ming Gui Wang captured killed in Kunming, especially San Francisco's put down the rebellion, the Qing dynasty the use of force has been established in the Han Chinese living in mainland China rule, but how to overcome the ideological and theoretical Han chauvinism discrimination against ethnic minorities and Qianlong lose no time in the Confucian ideology of the ; wins National Dynasty, can only intensify the Han against the common enemy, and the policy of appeasement could not eliminate the deep-rooted hostility of the Han nationality. Yongzheng Emperor did not follow the rule of conventional surgery, resolutely decided to use anti-Zeng Jing case and open head to head.
Yongzheng basic arguments and logic of this argument to start: the barbarians is no denying Manchuria there is no need to say, but the ) concept, Mencius has said, , the respective non-foreign Han Yu said and accept the system also, the person used, the size of civil and military, a foreign person has, the line of political, ritual conquest, the family and foreign affairs also when a foreign sub-Er Wang, absurd and brutal raw anger, does that mean Guards paradox, no father and emperor, if the alien bees ants almost do not? debate deep. so-called wolf nature of barbarians, to the right of the fraud to Yu. the barbarians are not a representative view of Yi. Ming and Qing Yi generation, in the Ming Dynasty opinion, is the ; sun and the moon no light Lu Liuliang through publicity political advantage, to the deep-rooted cultural barriers.
Yongzheng conform to the trend of historical development, high standard Han Nationality self superior nation, to fight the barbarians on equal footing with the Han Chinese. Yongzheng life, argumentative and eloquent, and some debate about which reward the most hit.
Hua Yi Qian Long also argued, but nothing more than Xi Rong, Nanman Beidi, place and name, and southern Hebei, Shan Zuo off the right He Yi? Mengzi Yun, Dong Yi Shun was the man of the people of King Wen was Xiyi. This no taboo, taboo, not necessarily ] like his father cooked the logic and vocabulary used only for the Chinese Foreign income and private Qianlong xxxiii (1768) onwards, the Qianlong orthodox breeding ground started to pay attention, heart problems destiny, to the Qianlong era, the orthodox decree Analysis at great length, the core is whether the Qing Dynasty, the Chinese system was the positive thread. The most ancient family about calligraphy The Orthodox affiliation, you must first distinguish understand. Chinese history, Wang Zhaoding reform, orthodox Gaiyi, repeatedly seen in history, but by the Manchuria, can we Cheng Jiming orthodoxy? traditional historians to each other, the three countries not to Wei, Wu Zhi Qiang, Han won the regular system, since the Eastern Jin, Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, although Jiangzuo breeding ground, while the orthodox Cheng Jin, Sui unified China, Tang of the final quarter, Military disrupt Song of the beam before is still orthodox, Tang, Jin, Han, Zhou, Song Zecheng Five of the orthodox. Xi Liao, Jin and Yuan have been rising in the north, Liang, Tang, Jin, Han, Zhou and Song of the Lord, or to concede defeat, said child, said nephew, said Sun, the Chinese orthodox Who is? Yuan and Ming's Yang Weizhen the Great system aimed to the exclusion of Song Yuan Cheng Jin. Four Archives of fathom the emperor wishes, deleting Tao Zongyi , Jin, Yuan orthodoxy, the reason is more smooth. Qianlong Great disagree that Earlier Ming Dynasty delivery and, for the Chinese of the Lord. for the Chinese of the Lord. element have been from the north, suddenly, Hebei, Song said the nephew, although the gold, but its commitments are, research is still the orthodox Song, Liao and Jin can not throw into confusion and with them. to Khan Ping Song, the Song system as never before, When I added the language system. in the theory in particular, the political ideal of the unified, the orthodox position of the Qing Dynasty, there is no doubt why the initiative to take it seriously Qianlong put forward to be discussed? Museum ostensibly refute Chen Yi Qing Cheng Four Liao, Jin, Yuan Orthodox said that, in fact, he expounded the refine try to figure out, not years, the Han Chinese of the time for the servants who did not mind the end jia contact. I ordered the national Edward shade, built a very vertical integration, as now, four hundred years of men, and Han Chinese of the servants who had since their high catch the V, nothing unreasonable temperament, language, all the answers. Emperor Qianlong of the ancient history of the orthodox has been the development of correction, it should be his successor the Yongzheng do not ask is whether the emperor as the barbarians, as long as status.
Qing emperor's view of China is in the Han chauvinism Subjectively, that contention as ; Han ethnic minorities have the status of full equality, the inevitable is to survive and multiply at all under the Qing the territory of language, culture, religion, customs of the peoples of different tribes as a family, must be seen as both the Chinese including the Central Plains in the Mainland, but also the vast border region, ; [129] of the Emperor can work with before and after the sea,UGG shoes, cited for the same tone; and interesting, the Yongzheng is pure blood. From Emperor to the Emperor Yongzheng, from the possession of the territory of the five races to complete a major ROC ; national front view of the two decisive victories, the Qing Emperor as a matter of fact, more still used in the of all subjects under the unified national identity of the rapid strengthening, former Mainland Han and minority nationalities in border areas of difference and antagonism ; Hua Yi Debate the time of the fall of, actually made by the Manchu rulers, Greater China I foresee the words. Atlantic European countries. Kangxi considerable understanding of the Western, he said, China and the western areas, both in the equatorial North 40. inside. from the Western to the Chinese, there are land and sea to pass. ocean sailing, southbound 80. degrees, and the greatest Wolf, before re-Guangdong border into the north, usually six months to go; land far away, separated from Russia by Asian countries, difficulties in walking, so are the line from the water. [131] was the threat that the Western Emperor Kangxi was mainly to Since the occupied Palestinian Nanyang Karma La (now Jakarta, Indonesia) of the Dutch colonial forces, the Han emperor may be worried about coastal Westerners resist the Qing under the aegis of the establishment of overseas bases, so from the national strategic security reasons, drastic decision to ban trade in Southeast Asia.
Time Less than 80 years, Kangxi predictions on China's future will reveal the original fuzzy outline. Qianlong Fifty-eight most powerful nations of Western envoy visit the English for the first time, the British envoy Macartney arrogant attitude and stubborn, King gift reflected the high level of science and technology to give a strong shock Qianlong. Qianlong year August 26 to return from the summer resort capital, and immediately went to visit the Summer Palace Macartney Embassy of the United Kingdom, . The envoys who in many parts on the ship, as well as the British shipbuilding industry in general the more powerful, and have heard their loot to the Western countries in the merchant marine matters, the area is near the Western fear of the unbridled cross barbarians such as: the trick! is a comprehensive categorically rejected all the demands of the United Kingdom. It is noteworthy that, in the missionary for the British envoys seem to have meaning, Qianlong to ]. This may be the first emperor of the Qing Dynasty to the nation the sense of countries, of course, less than commendable, but the middle of implied threat facing Western impending, the Chinese have been ready to come out of self-identity. Western powers invaded coming, the Chinese to strengthen national cohesion, the national unity of the membership of their country under recognition, no doubt of great and far-reaching significance.
the eve of the Sino-British Opium War Administrations for Frontier Minorities Jue Zi Zou Cheng Huang Temple of State: . non-consumption of silver in the Mainland, real drain of silver in the foreign barbarians. cover from the opium opium into China, Guangdong Province, profiteers, soldiers Benten sea patrol with communication, transport of silver overseas, shipped tobacco imported XU to the Guangdong investigating, and ordered Chuanyu Lin: to stand, on the wall outside the Royal the insult into a new boost power.
after the outbreak of the Opium War, China and reunification and the British and French troops captured Beijing after Zhubimiyu Hui Min Yu, Prince said: the late 50 century, the ; but 150 years, making the Xianfeng deep feeling and depressed.
Western powers invaded China to join the camp, and has shown greater aggression and predatory madness. It was soon aroused the vigilance of the Qing emperors. Tongzhi ten years (1874) March, Japan's excuse of Gone with the Wind People territory of Taiwan. Tongzhi special military minister encyclical: ; the Japanese ship and the natives then battle division Ju, already almost see. The country is now to the seven vessels, there are strong armored vessels and warships appeared. At this point blood in sacrifice terminal has been opened, since the matter should be arranged, tight defenses to be prepared for. : ] Tongzhi monarch and his subjects in their view, Terrace, all peoples of all tribes are the State must protect the Chinese people.
Till the dawn to the late Qing Dynasty, the unification of China is facing new challenges.
invasion Boxer Boxer Rebellion, the fall of Beijing, Xi'an Empress Dowager Cixi kai dynasty, fled in panic, based on fledgling, the emperor declared guilty, full instructions and negotiators Minister Yi Kuang, Li Chinese Alliance led by Sun Yat-sen in the Guangxu (1905), established in Tokyo, Japan, the first purpose of exposing Han called on the people to overthrow the Yuan Dynasty emperor ruled the slogan [145], while the revolutionaries debated, the Qing rulers will naturally feel woeful. Xuantong three years (1911) the outbreak of the Wuchang Uprising, the provinces have declared independence, Qing rule at risk , Empress Dowager successive kings called Manchuria and Mongolia to participate in the Mongolia, back to the reservoir of the treatment, should be expected to Chouhua ,],[provincial, local customs, each heartbeat. whether this can be a unified effect, not to start controversy split the curse? the most fundamental interests of the Chinese people of all the Unity. Fortunately, this major problem will soon be resolved.
Xuantong three years on December 25 (12 February 1912) announced the Empress Dowager Yi Zhi Qing emperor abdicated:
this National People's psychology, and more inclined Republican initiatives in the former Yugoslavia and both provinces, the North Zhujiang also advocated in the post. the people, fate unknown. I also heartless because of a name of honor, whisk Zhaomin likes and dislikes. is the appearance of the general trend, internal public opinion, special rate emperor made public the right to rule the country, the Republic as a constitutional body. comfort at home and tired of chaos near the heart of governance look, well meaning co-Gusheng Tianxiaweigong. Yuan ago by advisory council elected Prime Minister, when the occasion is hereby metabolic old, should have unified the party north and south, that is the sole organization Yuan provisional republican government, in consultation with the people the military uniform approach. the total of people Ando, Yu qe sea safety, is still joint Mongolian-Han Tibetan territory of the five races complete a major Republic of China. to be back with the emperor at the wide leisure, leisurely days, long ceremonial by the nationals, seeing Gaocheng Zhi rule, would not Yi tonight's? [149] < br> Qing emperor abdicated in exchange for preferential treatment in terms of conditions of the Republic of China, in addition to the royal family, the related back to Manchuria and Mongolia have all ethnic groups in Tibet: Han Chinese equity; protect the private property of the original; Wanggong Shi Jue shall remain its old; princes in the are living through difficult times on behalf of those who seek to raise living; the first to raise the livelihood of the Eight Banners, the set does not raise rates before the Manchu soldiers, still support the permanent Benten release; former business, residential and other restrictions shall be Juan addition, the counties listen to free citizenship; Mongolian & Tibetan back to the original have the freedom of religious belief in listening to his. [150]
this point, the Empress Dowager ancestors to fight for equal status with the Han ethnic minorities whose efforts eventually led to high drama in the form of full stop; the Yuan and Ming Hulu expulsion, Here and now, then certainly in decision-making in all aspects of the performance of political leaders out of political wisdom and spirit of compromise, we deeply feel that the history of China with heavenly, in accord with a unified multi-ethnic people of the great power of the trend, and response to, and reinforce the historical trend of the Qing dynasty emperor, from Nurhachi, Taiji until the Qing era of three emperors Kangxi and Its Role in China should also spoke highly of.
Qing emperor from national identity to the reunification of the country identity, under the rule of the Qing Dynasty from the national identity of all ethnic groups into a unified national identity, through three years of twists and turns to this and eventually became immortal, not because of the fall of the Qing Dynasty was abandoned. consistent with all the Chinese people today identify themselves as ;, agree their country is for a, each historical period are the people and the rulers have made the unique contribution of that era, but a matter of course under the general trend, and finally by the Qing rulers final word in this sense, the Qing state not only the Chinese people for today unified multi-ethnic territory and material wealth, but also left a defined connotation and extension of China and the Chinese nation's precious spiritual wealth.
of: Guocheng Kang, Qing Institute of Renmin University of China Professor
[1] According to the . This is the early Qing Dynasty, first series), Renmin University of China, 1984, p. 298.
[2] > [3] cited in Chang Jian Huang, No examination of the founding of Red, , the Renmin University of China, 1984, p. 70.
[6] According to the Move the book sound scared, unauthorized No sweat after the Jin, Chien-yuan destiny, and denounced China Southern, in yellow, said I, meaning even pleases > [7] , Lunar New Year, Xin Mao years, Kimi years. July Dingmao, encyclical Khalkha tribal northwest Mongolia under investigation Sac Figure Khan capsule Su Han Dahl Lama envoys said: will be to and I learned that the Mongolian Asian countries, this son of Khan Chahar Mongolian Lord I see all the support. , not a cent on the trouble in the human. just the people, be partial towards the edge of Fernando foreign countries, kill it, parties told to heaven and raise an army, do not want to blame the Southern and help me day. , the desire to cut elimination is the root Hada me if u want, Seoul is the country of asylum, Hadad, forced me to address also the people. and interpretation also hada people snatched complex for the Empress, Seoul National is ignored. Seoul either as China, should be impartially balanced. VIII Tiancong March: , History of the Chinese Academy of Social Annotation: According to the original non-land of one person alone, is all Shen, Han rotation place to live also. July Dingmao.
[15] China in the historical Series, p. 74.
[18] School of History and Philology, Academia Sinica in Taiwan and India: Second, the fate three years, April 13 Ren Yin, br> [21] See .
[22] See 2000.
[23] Ruan school moment: , in Zhu Xia outer barbarians. Yin.
[25] years.
[27] See Liang Qi Jiang:
[30] [31] ,],[tribute, industry Wang Li. Officials in the three • Rou Yuan Qing Court Division 8226; Hajj bookstore.
[39] Kangxi ; # 8226; flag Membership Secretary Qing officials. • Rou Yuan Qing officials Division ,],[March Otomi five years ....